

where



For further details on the notation, go to the Methods section.

where



For further details on the notation, go to the Methods section.
BLUP component are:

where








| Term | Description |
|---|---|
![]() | a vector with value 1 at the row and 0 elsewhere with dimension ![]() |
| W | the asymptotic variance-covariance matrix of the variance component estimates |
For further details on the notation, go to the Methods section.
component of μ given response values have the following form:

| Term | Description |
|---|---|
![]() | the BLUP |
![]() | the percentile from the t distribution with the given degrees of freedom |
![]() | 1 − confidence level |
| df | the degrees of freedom for the BLUP |

The two-sided p-value for the null hypothesis that a Best Linear Unbiased Predictor (BLUP) equals 0 is:

| Term | Description |
|---|---|
![]() | The probability that under the null hypothesis T is less than the absolute value of the calculated . Here, T follows a t-distribution with df degrees of freedom. |
![]() | The t value for the BLUP. |