Methods and formulas for benchmark Zs for potential capability in Normal Capability Analysis for Multiple Variables

Z.LSL, Z.USL, and Z.Bench for potential (within) capability

Benchmark Z statistics for potential capability are calculated by finding the Z value using the standard normal (0,1) distribution for the corresponding statistics.

where:

Notation

TermDescription
Φ (X) Cumulative distribution function (CDF) of a standard normal distribution
Φ-1 (X)Inverse CDF of a standard normal distribution
Within-subgroup standard deviation

Confidence intervals for Z.bench for a process with two specification limits

Two-sided interval

where

To calculate , substitute the sample estimates for the parameters in the formula for :

where

One-sided upper confidence bound

To calculate a one-sided upper confidence bound, change to in the definition of U.

Notation

TermDescription
the estimated tail probabilities outside of the specificataion limits
the (1 - α / 2)th percentile of the standard normal distribution
αthe alpha for the confidence level
the process mean (estimated from the sample date or a historical value)
sthe sample standard deviation within subgroups
υthe degrees of freedom for s
the Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) from a standard normal distribution
the Probability Density Function (PDF) from a standard normal distribution
USLthe upper specification limit
LSLthe lower specification limit
the inverse CDF from a standard normal distribution

Confidence intervals for Z.bench for a process with one specification limit

The calculations for the confidence interval for Z.Bench depend on which specification limit the process has.

Lower specification limit, two-sided confidence interval

Lower specification limit, one-sided confidence bound

Minitab solves the following equation to find p1:

where

Upper specification limit, two-sided confidence interval

Upper specification limit, one-sided confidence bound

Minitab solves the following equation to find p2:

where

Notation

TermDescription
LSLthe lower specification limit
USLthe upper specification limit
αthe alpha for the confidence level
the Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) from a standard normal distribution
the inverse CDF from a standard normal distribution
the (1 - α/2)th percentile of the standard normal distribution
Nthe total number of measurements
υthe degrees of freedom for s
the process mean (estimated from the sample date or a historical value)
sthe sample standard deviation within subgroups
a random variable that is distributed as a non-central t distribution with degrees of freedom and non-centrality parameter δ